Fitness Training
Different Types of Running Track Surfaces
Explore the different types of running track surfaces, from synthetic tracks to concrete. Learn how each impacts speed, performance, and injury risk.
For some runners, the variety of terrain is what brings excitement to their routine.
“I like being able to be on the mountain every day,” shares mountain endurance runnerKilian Jornet. “I like to run long and short races, vertical kilometers, mountain ski races, crossings, summits, to chain mountains ... all bring me different and enriching things.”
Kílian Jornet
© Jordi Saragossa/Salomon
Not every runner is in search of a mountain to conquer, though. Whether you’re training for the Red Bull Wings for Life World Run or want to beat your PR in a 100-meter dash, you’re more likely to look for a local track than a 2,000-foot elevation filled with dirt and tree roots.
What that track is made of can make all the difference. Each material has its advantages, drawbacks, and overall impact on your run. Here’s what you need to know before putting on your running shoes.
Different Types of Running Track Surfaces
01
Understanding synthetic tracks
Synthetic tracks are rubberized track surfaces with a concrete or asphalt base. Typically, a ½” rubber surface is applied to the material underneath.
Runners during the project "We The Danes" at the Stadium in Denmark
© Esben Zøllner Olesen / Red Bull Content Pool
There are two types of synthetic tracks: those with rubber bound by polyurethane, sometimes called polyurethane tracks, or those bound by latex.
Advantages of synthetic tracks
Elijah Hall trains in Houston, Texas
© Michael Starghill / Red Bull Content Pool
Drawbacks of synthetic tracks
Synthetic tracks are affected by temperature in a way that concrete tracks are not. While they are not vulnerable to the cold, extreme heat softens these surfaces. That means your overall performance on a synthetic track may decline during a heat wave.
02
Understanding concrete tracks
Concrete tracks are made with cement. While there are tracks made with concrete, it’s important to note that runners may refer to concrete as running on a paved sidewalk or on the street. Here, we’ll talk about dedicated running tracks made with concrete.
Some concrete tracks are made with what’s called post-tension concrete. This involves pouring concrete over tendons or cables, reinforcing the material while improving its strength and longevity over time.
Advantages of concrete tracks
Drawbacks of concrete tracks
Concrete’s biggest drawback is the same as one of its benefits — its unforgiving nature. Ultra-hard surfaces that can lay unperturbed for decades may be great for maintenance, but they’re not great for runners. High-impact surfaces can cause more injuries to feet, ankles, knees, and legs.
03
Synthetic vs. concrete tracks: How do these track surface types perform?
Konstanze Klosterhalfen at the European Championships in Germany in 2022
© Phil Pham / Red Bull Content Pool
Synthetic tracks and concrete tracks both offer long-term durability. Both materials stand the test of time, holding their shape as thousands upon thousands of runners make their way across their surfaces. That’s good for predictability as you train — the track is wholly reliable. Both surfaces also offer sufficient grip between your shoes and the ground, so you can feel secure with each stride. That’s great for overall stability, balance, and propelling your body forward.
Studies have linked an uptick in running performance to synthetic track use. This is attributed to the slight bounce in the rubber, pushing you just enough to move a bit faster and hit your target. That slight softness also makes the synthetic track a better option for injury prevention and shock absorption, as the softer landing is less punishing to joints over time.
Conversely, many runners say concrete is one of the least ideal surfaces to run on. Its hardness can worsen minor injuries or intensify pain as impact with the pavement reverberates through your body. For many runners, the long-term issues it can cause are not worth that trade-off.
04
Track durability and lifespan
Both synthetic and concrete tracks are long-lasting. Synthetic tracks can last up to 20 years with the right maintenance protocol in place. Concrete is similarly long-lasting; with the right maintenance, a concrete track can last up to 15 years. Post-tension concrete lasts even longer, for up to 25 years.
These two track types require relatively little maintenance as well. While both require proper upkeep such as resurfacing and proper foundational work for long-term stability, that maintenance isn’t frequent. Major maintenance is required every few years, with smaller checks and spot fixes in between.
05
Get ready to run
Each runner brings their own preferences and outlook to the track. For some, synthetic materials are best for performance, while city-runners may work better with concrete surfaces all around them. What’s important is that you know how to make each surface type work for you.